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During times of heavy network activity, the switch's port buffers can receive too much traffic and fill up faster than the switch can send the information. In cases like this, the switch tells the transmitting device to wait so the information in the buffer can be sent. This intervention is called flow control. The method of flow control depends on whether the ports are set to full - or half- duplex. A non-standard but popular scheme called Back-pressure was used in half-duplex links. The IEEE 802.3 committee established a standard called 802.3x flow control was used in full-duplex links.
